國(三) English關係代名詞使用.
英文 兩個句子的連接,在其相關係字詞,用關係代名詞/who.which,whom, that/連接起來.形成 子句.
that 還有當代名詞,為形成名詞片語. ; My seat is next to that of the girl.
I. 關係代名詞 who , / 人.;形成 who + V.
Jane has a boyfriend.
He lives in Japan.
Jane has a boyfriend who lives in Japan.
boyfriend/he , 關係代名詞 who 身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。who引導從屬子句,並替代從屬子句修飾它所代替的先行詞 he。
who 當 lives 的主詞,故為主格。This is the girl who won the Book Award.
[ O ] He liked a girl who was a nurse.
[ X ] He liked a girl which was a nurse.
Who did he think was a nurse?
"Who" was a nurse? 這裡的關係代名詞要用主格。
II. 關係代名詞 which ,是物, ,主格與受格同形. 例: which I bough
[ X ] I enjoy reading the comic book which I bought it yesterday.
[ O ] I enjoy reading the comic book which I bought yesterday.
關係代名詞 which 既為代名詞,替代先行詞 "comic book",又當連接詞,引導從屬子句 " which I bought ." 來修飾名詞 "comic book,是"物",要用 "which" 不能用 "who"。
因為 which 已經是comic book 的替代詞,不需要再加 it。
The is the necklace which I bought last month.
III. 關係代名詞 whose . 形成 whose house was ~
Allen has a girlfriend.
Her house was destroyed in the quake. [ she/her/her ]
--> Allen has a girlfriend whose house was destroyed in the quake.
girlfriend/ her house關係代名詞 whose 身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。它一方面代替先前出現的先行詞 a girlfriend/her house,另一方面引導從屬子句,來修飾它所代替的先行詞。whose house 當 her house 的限定詞,故為所有格。
IV. 關係代名詞 whom ; 為受格. 形成 whom she loves
Jane has a boyfriend.
Jane loves him very much.
--> Jane has a boyfriend whom she loves very much.
boyfriend/him關係代名詞 whom 身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。它一方面代替先前出現的先行詞 a boyfriend/him,另一方面引導從屬子句,來修飾它所代替的先行詞。
whom 當 loves him 的受詞,故為受格。
There are 30 students in the class, none of whom speak English.
關係代名詞"whom"所引導的形容詞子句 "(none of) whom speak English", 用以修飾先行詞 "students"。不定代名詞"none"後面要用複數動詞"speak"。
V. 關係代名詞 that + V ~.
1. 關代前有 "," 或是 "介係詞" 則 "不可用 that" ...
example:. I have a pen, which was given by my father. [句子中有" , " 逗號 ;用 which]
2. 必用"that"的時機,; 有 only ,; anything ,; the first , a girl and her dog ,; that + V ~.,; that 當主詞不能省.
The only thing _______ is constant is change.
(A) whose (B) that (C) who (D) whom (E) which
「所有事物都在不停地改變。」" 由關係代名詞“that” 所引導的形容詞子句“that is constant"修飾名詞"thing",唯一不變的事物是"change"。
(1).先行詞含"人"&"非人" , 用 that + V.
ex. I saw a girl and her dog that were playing in the park.
(2).先行詞前有"最高級形容詞"時, 用 that + V
ex. He is the the first student that do the homework.
(3).先行詞前有"the only"."the very+N"."the same".序數(the first......) ; 用 that + V
ex.He's the only one that won the prize.
(4).先行詞為不定代名詞...如"no/nothing".,"any/anything".,"some/something".,"all"......; 用 that
ex.All that you have to do is work hard on your studies.
That he told a lie is unforgivable. (That不可省略) = It is unforgivable that he told a lie.
I think (that) he is honest. (名詞子句當受詞)
One possible result of lying is (that) people will not trust a liar. (名詞子句當補語)
The fact is (that) he can't take His eyes off of you. (名詞子句當補語)
I don't believe his promise (that) he will never cheat me. (名詞子句當同位語)
I love you so much that I will do anything for you. The novel that you gave me is very interesting.
英文 兩個句子的連接,在其相關係字詞,用關係代名詞/who.which,whom, that/連接起來.形成 子句.
that 還有當代名詞,為形成名詞片語. ; My seat is next to that of the girl.
I. 關係代名詞 who , / 人.;形成 who + V.
Jane has a boyfriend.
He lives in Japan.
Jane has a boyfriend who lives in Japan.
boyfriend/he , 關係代名詞 who 身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。who引導從屬子句,並替代從屬子句修飾它所代替的先行詞 he。
who 當 lives 的主詞,故為主格。This is the girl who won the Book Award.
[ O ] He liked a girl who was a nurse.
[ X ] He liked a girl which was a nurse.
Who did he think was a nurse?
"Who" was a nurse? 這裡的關係代名詞要用主格。
II. 關係代名詞 which ,是物, ,主格與受格同形. 例: which I bough
[ X ] I enjoy reading the comic book which I bought it yesterday.
[ O ] I enjoy reading the comic book which I bought yesterday.
關係代名詞 which 既為代名詞,替代先行詞 "comic book",又當連接詞,引導從屬子句 " which I bought ." 來修飾名詞 "comic book,是"物",要用 "which" 不能用 "who"。
因為 which 已經是comic book 的替代詞,不需要再加 it。
The is the necklace which I bought last month.
III. 關係代名詞 whose . 形成 whose house was ~
Allen has a girlfriend.
Her house was destroyed in the quake. [ she/her/her ]
--> Allen has a girlfriend whose house was destroyed in the quake.
girlfriend/ her house關係代名詞 whose 身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。它一方面代替先前出現的先行詞 a girlfriend/her house,另一方面引導從屬子句,來修飾它所代替的先行詞。whose house 當 her house 的限定詞,故為所有格。
IV. 關係代名詞 whom ; 為受格. 形成 whom she loves
Jane has a boyfriend.
Jane loves him very much.
--> Jane has a boyfriend whom she loves very much.
boyfriend/him關係代名詞 whom 身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。它一方面代替先前出現的先行詞 a boyfriend/him,另一方面引導從屬子句,來修飾它所代替的先行詞。
whom 當 loves him 的受詞,故為受格。
There are 30 students in the class, none of whom speak English.
關係代名詞"whom"所引導的形容詞子句 "(none of) whom speak English", 用以修飾先行詞 "students"。不定代名詞"none"後面要用複數動詞"speak"。
V. 關係代名詞 that + V ~.
1. 關代前有 "," 或是 "介係詞" 則 "不可用 that" ...
example:. I have a pen, which was given by my father. [句子中有" , " 逗號 ;用 which]
2. 必用"that"的時機,; 有 only ,; anything ,; the first , a girl and her dog ,; that + V ~.,; that 當主詞不能省.
The only thing _______ is constant is change.
(A) whose (B) that (C) who (D) whom (E) which
「所有事物都在不停地改變。」" 由關係代名詞“that” 所引導的形容詞子句“that is constant"修飾名詞"thing",唯一不變的事物是"change"。
(1).先行詞含"人"&"非人" , 用 that + V.
ex. I saw a girl and her dog that were playing in the park.
(2).先行詞前有"最高級形容詞"時, 用 that + V
ex. He is the the first student that do the homework.
(3).先行詞前有"the only"."the very+N"."the same".序數(the first......) ; 用 that + V
ex.He's the only one that won the prize.
(4).先行詞為不定代名詞...如"no/nothing".,"any/anything".,"some/something".,"all"......; 用 that
ex.All that you have to do is work hard on your studies.
That he told a lie is unforgivable. (That不可省略) = It is unforgivable that he told a lie.
I think (that) he is honest. (名詞子句當受詞)
One possible result of lying is (that) people will not trust a liar. (名詞子句當補語)
The fact is (that) he can't take His eyes off of you. (名詞子句當補語)
I don't believe his promise (that) he will never cheat me. (名詞子句當同位語)
I love you so much that I will do anything for you. The novel that you gave me is very interesting.